Urooncology

Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer or renal cancer is a malignant disease of the kidney cells. Renal cell carcinoma affects the tubules of the kidneys and is the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. Sometimes young children develop a form of kidney cancer called Wilms’ tumour. Men are more predisposed to the condition than women, mainly occurring between the ages of 50 to 70.

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Bladder Cancer

The bladder is a hollow, muscular, elastic organ that stores urine, excreted by the kidney, before it is evacuated from the body by means of urination. Bladder cancer is a cancer affecting the tissues of the urinary bladder and is the second most common urologic cancer; after prostate cancer. It is malignant and can spread to other nearby organs, necessitating the need for partial or complete surgical removal of the bladder, which is the standard gold treatment approach for this cancer. Depending on the extent of spread, nearby lymph nodes and organs may also be removed along with the cancerous part of the bladder. In men, this may include removal of prostate, seminal vesicles and part of the vas deferens, while in women it may include the removal of cervix, uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes and part of the vagina.

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Testicular Cancer

The testicles are male sex organs that produce sperm and testosterone hormone (responsible for male sexual development). Testicular cancer is a very rare form of cancer, generally affecting men between the ages of 15 to 44 years.

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Penile Cancer

The penis is the male reproductive organ that forms a passage for sperm and urine to exit the body. Penile cancer is cancer of the penis that occurs when cells on the skin or within the penis grow and multiply abnormally. The exact cause for penile cancer is not clear, but is more frequent in men over 60 and develops when exposed to certain risk factors. These include infection with the human papilloma virus, repeated infections due to a tight foreskin, poor personal hygiene, many sexual partners and smoking.

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Retroperitoneal Masses

The abdominal cavity that houses the various organs of the digestive tract is covered by a lining of tissue called the peritoneum. Retroperitonium is the region behind the peritoneal space at the back of the abdominal cavity. Retroperitoneal mass is a lump of fibrous tissue that is found in the retroperitoneal region. The formation of retroperitoneal mass is an uncommon disorder, characterised by the blockage of the ureters that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

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